Chickenpox

What is Chickenpox?

Chickenpox is a rash illness caused by a virus called varicella zoster. People who get chickenpox often develop a rash of spots that look like blisters all over their bodies.

The blisters are small and sit on an area of red skin that can be anywhere from the size of a pencil eraser to the size of a dime. Chickenpox occurs most often during the winter and spring. Once you have had chicken pox, you are usually immune to it. This disease usually occurs in children but you have never had the disease, you can get it at any age.

It starts out with symptoms of a common cold: You might have a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, and a cough. But 1 to 2 days later, the rash begins, often in bunches of spots on the chest and face. From there it can spread out quickly over the entire body, sometimes the rash is even in a person's ears and mouth. The number of pox is different for everyone. Some people get just a few while others are covered from head to toe.

Chickenpox is contagious. It can be spread by direct person-to-person contact, droplet or airborne spread of vesicle fluid or secretions of the respiratory tract, such as coughing and sneezing. Someone who has chickenpox is most contagious during the first 2 to 5 days of being sick. That's usually about 1 to 2 days before the rash shows up. The time between exposure to the virus and appearance of symptoms is between 10 and 20 days. To avoid spreading the illness, stay in your room until all the rash has dried up. You may have visitors who have had chicken pox in the past. Avoid friends who have not had the disease. Do not share eating utensils or food. Place all paper products that you handle (including tissues) in a plastic bag for disposal.

Chickenpox Symptoms

The most commonly recognised symptom of chickenpox is a red rash that covers the body. However, before developing a rash, you or your child may experience some mild flu-like symptoms. These symptoms may include:

• nausea (feeling sick)
• a high temperature (fever) of 38C (100.4F) or over
• aching, painful muscles
• headache
• generally feeling unwell
• loss of appetite

These flu-like symptoms, especially the fever, tend to be worse in adults than in children.

Rash
Shortly after these initial symptoms, a rash starts to develop. Some people may only have a few spots, but in others it can cover the entire body. The rash normally appears in crops, and can usually be found:

• behind the ears
• on the face
• over the scalp
• under the arms
• on the chest and stomach
• on the arms and legs

The rash starts as small, itchy red spots. After approximately 12-14 hours, these spots develop into fluid-filled blisters, which are intensely itchy. These blisters can also form on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. Ulcers (open sores) may also form inside your mouth or on your genitals. After one to four days, these blisters will dry out and begin to crust over. After one to two weeks, the crusting skin will fall off naturally.

When to contact your GP
It is very important that you contact your GP straight away, regardless of whether you have any symptoms, if:

• you are pregnant and have been in contact with someone who has chickenpox
• you have a weakened immune system (the body's defence system) and have been in contact with someone who has chickenpox
• your baby is less than four weeks old and has been in contact with someone who has chickenpox

Chickenpox in these people can cause serious complications if left untreated. It is therefore essential that you seek medical advice so that any necessary treatment can be provided. If you have chickenpox and are breastfeeding, you should also contact your GP. They will be able to advise if you should continue breastfeeding your baby.

How to treat Chickenpox - cure Chickenpox?

The following medications are used for treatment of chickenpox:

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